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QUESTION 1

1. Movement of injested food through the digestive system is unidirectional in animals using alimentary canals and in animals using gastrovascular cavities.

   True False

1 points

QUESTION 2

1. Which of the following hormones would be found at increased levels after a meal consisting of 4 servings of this food? Choose all of the correct answers.

   		Glucagon
   		Insulin
   		CCK
   		secretin
   		gastrin

2 points

QUESTION 3

1. Enzymes that are capable of breaking the ester linkages between fatty acids and glycerol are called…

1 points

QUESTION 4

1. Match the following structures with the correct descriptions.

   –A.B.C. Fat Globules –A.B.C. Micelles –A.B.C. Chylomicrons

   A. After mechanical digestion in the stomach, dietary triglycerides are found in these large structures in the chyme. B. Intestinal epithelial cells package triglycerides that have been resynthesized from absorbed monomers into these structures, then exocytose them for transport in the lacteals. C. Bile salts emulsify the contents of the chyme to form these structures, which also contain fat-soluble lipases that digest triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids.

1 points

QUESTION 5

1. Plasma CCK levels would be decreased after consuming a large piece of cheese compared to fasting plasma CCK levels.

   True False

1 points

QUESTION 6

1. Match each organ with the description of the types of chemical digestion that occur within it. Each description is used only once.

   –A.B.C.D. Oral Cavity –A.B.C.D. Stomach –A.B.C.D. Small intestine –A.B.C.D. Large Intestine

   A. Absorption of some microbial products B. Digestion and absorption of fats, proteins and carbohydrates C. Digestion of carbohydrates only D. Digestion of proteins only

2 points

QUESTION 7

1. Severe damage to the pancreas could affect the digestion of which types of macronutrients? Chose all of the correct answers.

   		Fats
   		Proteins
   		Carbohydrates
   		Nucleic Acids

2 points

QUESTION 8

1. Match the digestive molecule to the cell or organ type that produces the molecule

   –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. salivary amylase –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. pepsinogen –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. gastric acid –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. bicarbonate –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. trypsinogen –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. enteropeptidase –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. lipases –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. bile salts

   A. liver cells B. duodenal cells C. parietal cell in stomach D. gallbladder cells E. chief cell in stomach F. both pancreatic cells and mucus neck cells G. pancreatic cells H. salivary gland

3 points

QUESTION 9

1. Place the following structures in the order a bolus of food would pass through them

   –1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.esophagus–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.jejunum–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.large intestine–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.ileum–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.ileocecal valve (a sphincter that separates two digestive regions)–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.pyloric sphincter–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.duodenum–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.rectum–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.oral cavity–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.stomach
   

3 points

QUESTION 10

1. The calcium in this food is absorbed from the small intestine with the help of:

   		Vitamin A
   		Vitamin D
   		Vitamin E
   		Vitamin K

2 points

QUESTION 11

1. Match each hormone with its stimuli.

   –A.B.C.D. Gastrin –A.B.C.D. Secretin –A.B.C.D. Cholecystekinin –A.B.C.D. insulin

   A. low pH of chyme in duodenum B. Vagus nerve, food in stomach C. Amino acids/fatty acids in duodenum D. glucose in blood

2 points

QUESTION 12

1. Secretions from two types of cells in the stomach, are required for the digestion of proteins. Match the descriptions of potential problems in digestion with the defects in one or both cell types that might cause the problems.

   –A.B.C.D. Both parietal cells and chief cells function normally –A.B.C.D. Functional chief cells, but non-functional parietal cells –A.B.C.D. functional parietal cells, but non-functional chief cells –A.B.C.D. non-functional parietal cells and non-functional chief cells

   A. proteins denatured, but no chemical digestion of proteins B. normal chemical digestion of proteins in the stomach C. no denaturation or chemical digestion of proteins D. pepsinogen not activated, proteins not denatured, no chemical digestion of proteins

2 points

QUESTION 13

1. If the pancreas was producing very high levels of bicarbonate, what hormone would you expect to be found at elevated levels in the blood?

1 points

QUESTION 14

1. Which of the following topics do you find most challenging? You may select multiple topics.

   		Digestive Strategies (intracellular, gastrovascular cavities, alimentary canals)
   		Human Digestive system anatomy
   		Nutrients – carbs, fats, proteins
   		Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
   		Protein digestion and absorption
   		Fat digestion and abosorption
   		Gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion
   		Small intestine enzyme secretion and activation
   		Digestive hormones and regulation

1 points

QUESTION 15

1. Put the steps in the processes of fat digestion and absorption in order

   –1.2.3.4.5.6.Chylomicrons are expelled into the interstitial fluid on the basal side of the jejunal epithelium, and then pass into the lacteals.–1.2.3.4.5.6.Triglycerides are resynthesized inside of jejunal epithelial cells, and are packaged into chylomicrons.–1.2.3.4.5.6.Mechanical digestion in the stomach breaks up injested food into smaller pieces. –1.2.3.4.5.6.Large globules of injested fat entering the duodenum are emulsified by bile salts.–1.2.3.4.5.6.The ester linkages in triglycerides found within micelles are broken down by pancreatic lipases to produce fatty acids.–1.2.3.4.5.6.Fatty acids diffuse into jejunal epithelial cells.
   

3 points

QUESTION 16

1. How many kilocalories of energy could be derived from the metabolism of carbohydrates in one serving of this food?

   QUESTION 1

   1. Movement of injested food through the digestive system is unidirectional in animals using alimentary canals and in animals using gastrovascular cavities.

      True False

   1 points

   QUESTION 2

   1. Which of the following hormones would be found at increased levels after a meal consisting of 4 servings of this food? Choose all of the correct answers.

      		Glucagon
      		Insulin
      		CCK
      		secretin
      		gastrin

   2 points

   QUESTION 3

   1. Enzymes that are capable of breaking the ester linkages between fatty acids and glycerol are called…

   1 points

   QUESTION 4

   1. Match the following structures with the correct descriptions.

      –A.B.C. Fat Globules –A.B.C. Micelles –A.B.C. Chylomicrons

      A. After mechanical digestion in the stomach, dietary triglycerides are found in these large structures in the chyme. B. Intestinal epithelial cells package triglycerides that have been resynthesized from absorbed monomers into these structures, then exocytose them for transport in the lacteals. C. Bile salts emulsify the contents of the chyme to form these structures, which also contain fat-soluble lipases that digest triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids.

   1 points

   QUESTION 5

   1. Plasma CCK levels would be decreased after consuming a large piece of cheese compared to fasting plasma CCK levels.

      True False

   1 points

   QUESTION 6

   1. Match each organ with the description of the types of chemical digestion that occur within it. Each description is used only once.

      –A.B.C.D. Oral Cavity –A.B.C.D. Stomach –A.B.C.D. Small intestine –A.B.C.D. Large Intestine

      A. Absorption of some microbial products B. Digestion and absorption of fats, proteins and carbohydrates C. Digestion of carbohydrates only D. Digestion of proteins only

   2 points

   QUESTION 7

   1. Severe damage to the pancreas could affect the digestion of which types of macronutrients? Chose all of the correct answers.

      		Fats
      		Proteins
      		Carbohydrates
      		Nucleic Acids

   2 points

   QUESTION 8

   1. Match the digestive molecule to the cell or organ type that produces the molecule

      –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. salivary amylase –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. pepsinogen –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. gastric acid –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. bicarbonate –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. trypsinogen –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. enteropeptidase –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. lipases –A.B.C.D.E.F.G.H. bile salts

      A. liver cells B. duodenal cells C. parietal cell in stomach D. gallbladder cells E. chief cell in stomach F. both pancreatic cells and mucus neck cells G. pancreatic cells H. salivary gland

   3 points

   QUESTION 9

   1. Place the following structures in the order a bolus of food would pass through them

      –1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.esophagus–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.jejunum–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.large intestine–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.ileum–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.ileocecal valve (a sphincter that separates two digestive regions)–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.pyloric sphincter–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.duodenum–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.rectum–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.oral cavity–1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.stomach
      

   3 points

   QUESTION 10

   1. The calcium in this food is absorbed from the small intestine with the help of:

      		Vitamin A
      		Vitamin D
      		Vitamin E
      		Vitamin K

   2 points

   QUESTION 11

   1. Match each hormone with its stimuli.

      –A.B.C.D. Gastrin –A.B.C.D. Secretin –A.B.C.D. Cholecystekinin –A.B.C.D. insulin

      A. low pH of chyme in duodenum B. Vagus nerve, food in stomach C. Amino acids/fatty acids in duodenum D. glucose in blood

   2 points

   QUESTION 12

   1. Secretions from two types of cells in the stomach, are required for the digestion of proteins. Match the descriptions of potential problems in digestion with the defects in one or both cell types that might cause the problems.

      –A.B.C.D. Both parietal cells and chief cells function normally –A.B.C.D. Functional chief cells, but non-functional parietal cells –A.B.C.D. functional parietal cells, but non-functional chief cells –A.B.C.D. non-functional parietal cells and non-functional chief cells

      A. proteins denatured, but no chemical digestion of proteins B. normal chemical digestion of proteins in the stomach C. no denaturation or chemical digestion of proteins D. pepsinogen not activated, proteins not denatured, no chemical digestion of proteins

   2 points

   QUESTION 13

   1. If the pancreas was producing very high levels of bicarbonate, what hormone would you expect to be found at elevated levels in the blood?

   1 points

   QUESTION 14

   1. Which of the following topics do you find most challenging? You may select multiple topics.

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